[libc++] P2944R3: Constrained comparisions - tuple (#145677)

Implements P2944R3 partially, which adds constrained comparisons
`std::tuple`.
The missing overloads introduced in [P2165R4](https://wg21.link/P2165R4)
are not implemented.

Uses
[`__all`](f7af33a9eb/libcxx/include/__type_traits/conjunction.h (L45))
instead of a fold expression, see comment:
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/pull/141396#discussion_r2161166077

Relates to #136765

# References

[tuple.rel](https://wg21.link//tuple.rel)

libcxx/docs/Status/Cxx2cPapers.csv

@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
 "`P2248R8 <https://wg21.link/P2248R8>`__","Enabling list-initialization for algorithms","2024-03 (Tokyo)","","",""
 "`P2810R4 <https://wg21.link/P2810R4>`__","``is_debugger_present`` ``is_replaceable``","2024-03 (Tokyo)","","",""
 "`P1068R11 <https://wg21.link/P1068R11>`__","Vector API for random number generation","2024-03 (Tokyo)","","",""
-"`P2944R3 <https://wg21.link/P2944R3>`__","Comparisons for ``reference_wrapper``","2024-03 (Tokyo)","|Partial|","","The changes to ``optional`` and ``tuple`` are not yet implemented"
+"`P2944R3 <https://wg21.link/P2944R3>`__","Comparisons for ``reference_wrapper``","2024-03 (Tokyo)","|Partial|","","The changes to ``optional`` and ``tuple``'s equality overload from P2165R4 are not yet implemented"
 "`P2642R6 <https://wg21.link/P2642R6>`__","Padded ``mdspan`` layouts","2024-03 (Tokyo)","","",""
 "`P3029R1 <https://wg21.link/P3029R1>`__","Better ``mdspan``'s CTAD","2024-03 (Tokyo)","|Complete|","19",""
 "","","","","",""

libcxx/include/tuple

@@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ template <class... Types>
 #  include <__compare/common_comparison_category.h>
 #  include <__compare/ordering.h>
 #  include <__compare/synth_three_way.h>
+#  include <__concepts/boolean_testable.h>
 #  include <__config>
 #  include <__cstddef/size_t.h>
 #  include <__fwd/array.h>
@@ -1153,6 +1154,11 @@ struct __tuple_equal<0> {
 };
 
 template <class... _Tp, class... _Up>
+#    if _LIBCPP_STD_VER >= 26
+  requires(__all<requires(const _Tp& __t, const _Up& __u) {
+             { __t == __u } -> __boolean_testable;
+           }...>::value && (sizeof...(_Tp) == sizeof...(_Up)))
+#    endif
 inline _LIBCPP_HIDE_FROM_ABI _LIBCPP_CONSTEXPR_SINCE_CXX14 bool
 operator==(const tuple<_Tp...>& __x, const tuple<_Up...>& __y) {
   static_assert(sizeof...(_Tp) == sizeof...(_Up), "Can't compare tuples of different sizes");

libcxx/test/std/utilities/tuple/tuple.tuple/tuple.rel/eq.pass.cpp

@@ -16,12 +16,33 @@
 
 // UNSUPPORTED: c++03
 
-#include <tuple>
-#include <string>
+#include <array>
 #include <cassert>
+#include <tuple>
 
+#include "test_comparisons.h"
 #include "test_macros.h"
 
+#if TEST_STD_VER >= 26
+
+// Test SFINAE.
+
+static_assert(std::equality_comparable<std::tuple<EqualityComparable>>);
+static_assert(std::equality_comparable<std::tuple<EqualityComparable, EqualityComparable>>);
+
+static_assert(!std::equality_comparable<std::tuple<NonComparable>>);
+static_assert(!std::equality_comparable<std::tuple<EqualityComparable, NonComparable>>);
+static_assert(!std::equality_comparable<std::tuple<NonComparable, EqualityComparable>>);
+static_assert(!std::equality_comparable_with<std::tuple<EqualityComparable>, std::tuple<NonComparable>>);
+static_assert(!std::equality_comparable_with<std::tuple<NonComparable>, std::tuple<EqualityComparable>>);
+// Size mismatch.
+static_assert(
+    !std::equality_comparable_with<std::tuple<EqualityComparable>, std::tuple<EqualityComparable, EqualityComparable>>);
+static_assert(
+    !std::equality_comparable_with<std::tuple<EqualityComparable, EqualityComparable>, std::tuple<EqualityComparable>>);
+
+#endif
+
 int main(int, char**)
 {
     {

libcxx/test/std/utilities/tuple/tuple.tuple/tuple.rel/size_incompatible_comparison.verify.cpp

@@ -6,6 +6,9 @@
 //
 //===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
 
+// Disabled in C++26 and later because tuple comparison between different sizes is constrained since P2944R3.
+// UNSUPPORTED: std-at-least-cxx26
+
 // <tuple>
 
 // template <class... Types> class tuple;