[flang] Align -x language modes with gfortran (#130268)

This PR addresses some of the issues described in
https://github.com/llvm/llvm-project/issues/127617. Key changes:

- Stop assuming fixed-form for `-x f95` unless the input is a `.i` file.
This change ensures compatibility with `-save-temps` workflows while
preventing unintended fixed-form assumptions.
- Ensure `-x f95-cpp-input` enables `-cpp` by default, aligning Flang's
behavior with `gfortran`.

clang/lib/Driver/ToolChains/Flang.cpp

@@ -817,8 +817,13 @@ void Flang::ConstructJob(Compilation &C, const JobAction &JA,
 
   // 'flang -E' always produces output that is suitable for use as fixed form
   // Fortran. However it is only valid free form source if the original is also
-  // free form.
-  if (InputType == types::TY_PP_Fortran &&
+  // free form. Ensure this logic does not incorrectly assume fixed-form for
+  // cases where it shouldn't, such as `flang -x f95 foo.f90`.
+  bool isAtemporaryPreprocessedFile =
+      Input.isFilename() &&
+      llvm::sys::path::extension(Input.getFilename())
+          .ends_with(types::getTypeTempSuffix(InputType, /*CLStyle=*/false));
+  if (InputType == types::TY_PP_Fortran && isAtemporaryPreprocessedFile &&
       !Args.getLastArg(options::OPT_ffixed_form, options::OPT_ffree_form))
     CmdArgs.push_back("-ffixed-form");
 

flang/lib/Frontend/CompilerInvocation.cpp

@@ -863,6 +863,12 @@ static void parsePreprocessorArgs(Fortran::frontend::PreprocessorOptions &opts,
         (currentArg->getOption().matches(clang::driver::options::OPT_cpp))
             ? PPMacrosFlag::Include
             : PPMacrosFlag::Exclude;
+  // Enable -cpp based on -x unless explicitly disabled with -nocpp
+  if (opts.macrosFlag != PPMacrosFlag::Exclude)
+    if (const auto *dashX = args.getLastArg(clang::driver::options::OPT_x))
+      opts.macrosFlag = llvm::StringSwitch<PPMacrosFlag>(dashX->getValue())
+                            .Case("f95-cpp-input", PPMacrosFlag::Include)
+                            .Default(opts.macrosFlag);
 
   opts.noReformat = args.hasArg(clang::driver::options::OPT_fno_reformat);
   opts.preprocessIncludeLines =

flang/test/Driver/dash-x-f95-cpp-input.f

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+program main
+  print *, __FILE__, __LINE__
+end
+
+! This test verifies that `flang`'s `-x` options behave like `gfortran`'s.
+! Specifically:
+! - `-x f95` should process the file based on its extension unless overridden.
+! - `-x f95-cpp-input` should behave like `-x f95` but with preprocessing
+!   (`-cpp`) enabled unless overridden.
+
+! ---
+! Ensure the file is treated as fixed-form unless explicitly set otherwise
+! ---
+! RUN: not %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95 -cpp %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=SCAN-ERROR %s
+! RUN: not %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95-cpp-input %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=SCAN-ERROR %s
+
+! SCAN-ERROR: error: Could not scan
+
+! RUN: %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95 -cpp -ffree-form %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=NO-SCAN-ERROR --allow-empty %s
+! RUN: %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95-cpp-input -ffree-form %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=NO-SCAN-ERROR --allow-empty %s
+
+! NO-SCAN-ERROR-NOT: error
+
+! ---
+! Ensure `-cpp` is not enabled by default unless explicitly requested
+! ---
+! RUN: not %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95 -ffree-form %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=SEMA-ERROR %s
+! RUN: not %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95-cpp-input -nocpp -ffree-form %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=SEMA-ERROR %s
+
+! SEMA-ERROR: error: Semantic errors
+
+! RUN: %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95 -cpp -ffree-form %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=NO-SEMA-ERROR --allow-empty %s
+! RUN: %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95-cpp-input -ffree-form %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=NO-SEMA-ERROR --allow-empty %s
+
+! NO-SEMA-ERROR-NOT: error

flang/test/Driver/dash-x-f95-do-not-assume-fixed-form.f90

@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+! This test verifies that using `-x f95` does not cause the driver to assume
+! this file is in fixed-form.
+
+program main
+  print *, "Hello, World!"
+end
+
+! RUN: %flang -### -x f95 %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=PRINT-PHASES %s
+! PRINT-PHASES-NOT: -ffixed-form
+
+! RUN: %flang -Werror -fsyntax-only -x f95 %s 2>&1 | FileCheck --check-prefix=COMPILE --allow-empty %s
+! COMPILE-NOT: error

flang/test/Driver/input-from-stdin/input-from-stdin.f90

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 ! Input type is implicit
 ! RUN: cat %s | %flang -E -cpp - | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=PP-NOT-DEFINED
 ! RUN: cat %s | %flang -DNEW -E -cpp - | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=PP-DEFINED
-! RUN: cat %s | %flang -DNEW -E - | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=PP-NOT-DEFINED
+! RUN: cat %s | %flang -DNEW -E - | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=PP-DEFINED
 ! RUN: cat %s | %flang -DNEW -E -nocpp - | FileCheck %s --check-prefix=PP-NOT-DEFINED
 
 ! Input type is explicit