Files
clang-p2996/mlir/lib/Dialect/SparseTensor/Transforms/Sparsification.cpp
Aart Bik 36fd28752f [mlir][sparse] move emitter ownership into environment
last bits and pieces of the environment refactoring

Reviewed By: Peiming

Differential Revision: https://reviews.llvm.org/D140709
2022-12-27 16:55:07 -08:00

1621 lines
64 KiB
C++

//===- Sparsification.cpp - Implementation of sparsification --------------===//
//
// Part of the LLVM Project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM Exceptions.
// See https://llvm.org/LICENSE.txt for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
//
// This file implements converting sparse tensor types to actual sparse code.
//
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
#include "CodegenEnv.h"
#include "CodegenUtils.h"
#include "LoopEmitter.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Affine/IR/AffineOps.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Arith/IR/Arith.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/IR/BufferizableOpInterface.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Bufferization/IR/Bufferization.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Func/IR/FuncOps.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/LLVMIR/LLVMDialect.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Linalg/IR/Linalg.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Linalg/Utils/Utils.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/MemRef/IR/MemRef.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/IR/SCF.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/SCF/Transforms/Transforms.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/SparseTensor/IR/SparseTensor.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/SparseTensor/Transforms/Passes.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/SparseTensor/Utils/Merger.h"
#include "mlir/Dialect/Tensor/IR/Tensor.h"
#include "mlir/IR/AffineExprVisitor.h"
#include "mlir/IR/Matchers.h"
#include "mlir/IR/TensorEncoding.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallBitVector.h"
using namespace mlir;
using namespace mlir::sparse_tensor;
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Declarations
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
namespace {
/// Iteration graph sorting.
enum SortMask {
kSparseOnly = 0x0,
kIncludeDense = 0x1,
kIncludeUndef = 0x2,
kIncludeAll = 0x3
};
/// A helper class that visits an affine expression and tries to find an
/// AffineDimExpr to which the corresponding iterator from a GenericOp matches
/// the desired iterator type.
class AffineDimFinder : public AffineExprVisitor<AffineDimFinder> {
public:
explicit AffineDimFinder(linalg::GenericOp op)
: iterTypes(op.getIteratorTypesArray()) {}
void visitDimExpr(AffineDimExpr expr) {
if (pickedDim == nullptr || pickIterType == iterTypes[expr.getPosition()]) {
pickedDim = expr;
}
}
/// Set the desired iterator type that we want to pick.
void setPickedIterType(utils::IteratorType iterType) {
pickIterType = iterType;
}
/// Get the desired AffineDimExpr.
AffineDimExpr getDimExpr() const { return pickedDim.cast<AffineDimExpr>(); }
private:
/// The picked AffineDimExpr after visit.
AffineExpr pickedDim;
/// The iterator type that we want.
utils::IteratorType pickIterType;
/// The mapping between dim=>iterator type.
SmallVector<utils::IteratorType> iterTypes;
};
} // namespace
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Sparse compiler analysis methods.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// Determines if affine expression is invariant.
static bool isInvariantAffine(AffineExpr a, ArrayRef<unsigned> loopStack,
unsigned ldx, bool &atLevel) {
switch (a.getKind()) {
case AffineExprKind::DimId: {
unsigned idx = a.cast<AffineDimExpr>().getPosition();
if (idx == ldx) {
atLevel = true;
// Must be invariant if we are at the level.
return true;
}
bool isInvariant = false;
for (unsigned loop : loopStack) {
isInvariant = (loop == idx);
if (isInvariant)
break;
}
return isInvariant;
}
case AffineExprKind::Add:
case AffineExprKind::Mul: {
auto binOp = a.cast<AffineBinaryOpExpr>();
return isInvariantAffine(binOp.getLHS(), loopStack, ldx, atLevel) &&
isInvariantAffine(binOp.getRHS(), loopStack, ldx, atLevel);
}
default: {
assert(a.isa<AffineConstantExpr>());
return true;
}
}
}
/// Determines if affine expression is invariant.
static bool isInvariantAffine(CodegenEnv &env, AffineExpr a, unsigned ldx,
bool &atLevel) {
return isInvariantAffine(a, env.getLoopCurStack(), ldx, atLevel);
}
/// Helper method to construct a permuted dimension ordering
/// that adheres to the given topological sort.
static AffineMap permute(CodegenEnv &env, AffineMap m) {
assert(m.getNumDims() + env.merger().getNumFilterLoops() ==
env.topSortSize() &&
"size mismatch");
// Construct the inverse of `m`; to avoid the asymptotic complexity
// of calling `m.getPermutedPosition` repeatedly.
SmallVector<unsigned> perm;
unsigned numResults = m.getNumResults();
BitVector worklist(numResults, true);
unsigned loopDepth = 1;
// Construct the permutation.
while (worklist.any() && loopDepth <= env.topSortSize()) {
unsigned preSize = perm.size();
for (auto dim : worklist.set_bits()) {
bool atLevel = false;
if (m.getResult(dim).isa<AffineConstantExpr>() ||
(isInvariantAffine(m.getResult(dim),
env.getTopSortSlice(0, loopDepth),
env.topSortAt(loopDepth - 1), atLevel) &&
atLevel)) {
// If the matching affine is constant expression or just become
// invariant. We can visit the dimension now without breaking the
// topSort constraint.
perm.push_back(dim);
}
}
// Removes resolved dimension.
for (unsigned i = preSize, e = perm.size(); i < e; i++)
worklist.reset(perm[i]);
// Tries to entering the next loop level.
loopDepth += 1;
}
assert(perm.size() == numResults);
return AffineMap::getPermutationMap(perm, env.op().getContext());
}
/// Helper method to inspect affine expressions. Rejects cases where the
/// same index is used more than once. Also rejects compound affine
/// expressions in sparse dimensions.
/// filterIdx stores the current filter loop idx should be used for the next
/// compound affine sparse level, and it will be incremented by one when
/// used.
static bool findAffine(Merger &merger, unsigned tensor, unsigned dim,
AffineExpr a, DimLevelType dlt, unsigned &filterLdx,
bool setLvlFormat = true) {
switch (a.getKind()) {
case AffineExprKind::DimId: {
unsigned idx = a.cast<AffineDimExpr>().getPosition();
if (!isUndefDLT(merger.getDimLevelType(tensor, idx)))
return false; // used more than once
if (setLvlFormat)
merger.setDimAndDimLevelType(tensor, idx, dim, dlt);
return true;
}
case AffineExprKind::Add:
case AffineExprKind::Mul:
case AffineExprKind::Constant: {
if (!isDenseDLT(dlt) && setLvlFormat) {
assert(isUndefDLT(merger.getDimLevelType(tensor, filterLdx)));
// Use a filter loop for sparse affine expression.
merger.setDimAndDimLevelType(tensor, filterLdx++, dim, dlt);
}
if (auto binOp = a.dyn_cast<AffineBinaryOpExpr>()) {
// We do not set dim level format for affine expresssion like d0 + d1 on
// either loop index at d0 or d1.
// We continue the recursion merely to check whether current affine is
// admissible or not.
return findAffine(merger, tensor, dim, binOp.getLHS(), dlt, filterLdx,
false) &&
findAffine(merger, tensor, dim, binOp.getRHS(), dlt, filterLdx,
false);
}
// Falls through when it is a constant Affine
return true;
}
default:
return false;
}
}
/// Get the total number of compound affine expressions in affineMap that are
/// attached to the given tensor. For the following inputs:
///
/// affineMap = (d0, d1, d2) => (d0 + d1, d2)
/// tensor = ["compressed", "compressed"]
///
/// Returns 1 (because the first level is compressed and its corresponding
/// affineMap is d0 + d1)
static unsigned getNumCompoundAffineOnSparseDims(AffineMap affineMap,
Value tensor) {
unsigned num = 0;
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(tensor.getType());
if (enc) {
ArrayRef<AffineExpr> exps = affineMap.getResults();
for (unsigned rank = 0; rank < exps.size(); rank++) {
auto aidx = toOrigDim(enc, rank);
auto affine = exps[aidx];
if (!affine.isa<AffineDimExpr>())
if (!isDenseDLT(getDimLevelType(enc, rank)))
num++;
}
}
return num;
}
/// Get the total number of compound affine expressions attached on a sparse
/// level in the given GenericOp.
static unsigned getNumCompoundAffineOnSparseDims(linalg::GenericOp op) {
unsigned num = 0;
for (OpOperand &t : op->getOpOperands())
num += getNumCompoundAffineOnSparseDims(op.getMatchingIndexingMap(&t),
t.get());
return num;
}
/// Helper method to inspect sparse encodings in the tensor types.
/// Fills the per-dimension sparsity information for all tensors.
/// Returns true if the sparse annotations and affine subscript
/// expressions of all tensors are admissible. Returns false if
/// no annotations are found or inadmissible constructs occur.
static bool findSparseAnnotations(CodegenEnv &env) {
bool annotated = false;
unsigned filterLdx = env.merger().getFilterLoopStartingIdx();
for (OpOperand &t : env.op()->getOpOperands()) {
auto map = env.op().getMatchingIndexingMap(&t);
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(t.get().getType());
if (enc)
annotated = true;
assert(map.getNumResults() == env.op().getRank(&t));
for (unsigned d = 0, rank = map.getNumResults(); d < rank; d++) {
unsigned tensor = t.getOperandNumber();
AffineExpr a = map.getResult(toOrigDim(enc, d));
if (!findAffine(env.merger(), tensor, d, a, getDimLevelType(enc, d),
filterLdx))
return false; // inadmissible affine expression
}
}
assert(filterLdx == env.merger().getNumLoops());
return annotated;
}
/// A helper to compute a topological sort. O(n^2) time complexity
/// as we use adj matrix for the graph.
/// The sorted result will put the first Reduction iterator to the
/// latest possible index.
static bool topSortOptimal(CodegenEnv &env, unsigned n,
ArrayRef<utils::IteratorType> iteratorTypes,
std::vector<unsigned> &inDegree,
std::vector<std::vector<bool>> &adjM) {
std::vector<unsigned> redIt; // reduce iterator with 0 degree
std::vector<unsigned> parIt; // parallel iterator with 0 degree
std::vector<unsigned> filterIt; // filter loop with 0 degree
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++) {
if (inDegree[i] == 0) {
if (env.merger().isFilterLoop(i))
filterIt.push_back(i);
else if (linalg::isReductionIterator(iteratorTypes[i]))
redIt.push_back(i);
else
parIt.push_back(i);
}
}
while (!redIt.empty() || !parIt.empty() || !filterIt.empty()) {
// We always choose in order of filter loop -> parallel loop -> reduction
// loop because
// 1. Putting reduction loop early might make the loop sequence
// inadmissible.
// 2. Filter loops should be put as early as possible for better
// performance, since only one (if any) iteration will carry the
// computation. E.g., for (1 to N)
// for (1 to M)
// for (1 to K)
// if (xxx)
// O(X) computation => O(NMK+NMX) time complexity
//
// By putting the filter loop one level up, we got
//
// for (1 to N)
// for (1 to K)
// if (xxx)
// for (1 to M)
// O(X) computation => O(NK+NMX) time complexity
auto &it = !filterIt.empty() ? filterIt : (!parIt.empty() ? parIt : redIt);
auto src = it.back();
env.topSortPushBack(src);
it.pop_back();
// Update in-degree, and push 0-degree node into worklist.
for (unsigned dst = 0; dst < n; dst++) {
if (adjM[src][dst] && --inDegree[dst] == 0) {
if (env.merger().isFilterLoop(dst))
filterIt.push_back(dst);
else if (linalg::isReductionIterator(iteratorTypes[dst]))
redIt.push_back(dst);
else
parIt.push_back(dst);
}
}
}
return env.topSortSize() == n;
}
/// Helper method to add all constraints from the indices in one affine
/// expression before all indices in the other affine expression. For
/// example i0+i1 < i2+i3+1 yields i0<i2, i0<i3, i1<i2, and i1<i3.
/// The affine expression `a` is empty iff `fidx` have a value, leading to
/// b = (i0 + i1) < fidx => i0 < fidx, i1 < fidx.
/// The affine expression `b` is empty iff `tidx` have a value, leading to
/// tidx < a = (i0 + i1) => tidx < i0, tidx < i1.
static void addAffineOrderings(std::vector<std::vector<bool>> &adjM,
std::vector<unsigned> &inDegree, AffineExpr a,
AffineExpr b, Optional<unsigned> fidx,
Optional<unsigned> tidx) {
if (!a && !b) {
// Recursion leaf.
assert(fidx && tidx);
unsigned f = *fidx, t = *tidx;
if (!adjM[f][t]) {
adjM[f][t] = true;
inDegree[t]++;
}
return;
}
// Picks an affine expression and expand (recurse into) it.
auto toExpand = a ? a : b;
switch (toExpand.getKind()) {
case AffineExprKind::DimId: {
auto idx = toExpand.cast<AffineDimExpr>().getPosition();
if (toExpand == a)
addAffineOrderings(adjM, inDegree, AffineExpr(), b, idx, tidx);
else // toExpand == b
addAffineOrderings(adjM, inDegree, a, AffineExpr(), fidx, idx);
break;
}
case AffineExprKind::Add:
case AffineExprKind::Mul: {
auto binOp = toExpand.cast<AffineBinaryOpExpr>();
if (toExpand == a) {
addAffineOrderings(adjM, inDegree, binOp.getLHS(), b, fidx, tidx);
addAffineOrderings(adjM, inDegree, binOp.getRHS(), b, fidx, tidx);
} else {
addAffineOrderings(adjM, inDegree, a, binOp.getLHS(), fidx, tidx);
addAffineOrderings(adjM, inDegree, a, binOp.getRHS(), fidx, tidx);
}
break;
}
default:
break;
}
}
static void tryLoosenAffineDenseConstraints(linalg::GenericOp op,
Optional<unsigned> &fldx,
AffineExpr &fa,
Optional<unsigned> &tldx,
AffineExpr &ta) {
// We use a heuristic here to only pick one dim expression from each
// compound affine expression to establish the order between two dense
// dimensions.
if (!tldx) {
AffineDimFinder finder(op);
// NOTE: The ordering can only be loosen when the destination level is
// dense (when !tldx), for [dense, sparse] -> (d0 + d1, d2), we still
// require both d0 < d2 and d1 < d2 to ensure correct ordering (i.e.,
// no ordering like d0->d2->d1).
// TODO: this is obviously a sub optimal solution.
if (!fldx && !fa.isa<AffineConstantExpr>()) {
// Heuristic: we prefer parallel loop for lhs to reduce the chance
// we add reduce < parallel ordering.
finder.setPickedIterType(utils::IteratorType::parallel);
finder.walkPostOrder(fa);
fa = finder.getDimExpr();
fldx = finder.getDimExpr().getPosition();
}
if (!ta.isa<AffineConstantExpr>()) {
// Heuristic: we prefer reduction loop for rhs to reduce the chance
// addint reduce < parallel ordering.
finder.setPickedIterType(utils::IteratorType::reduction);
finder.walkPostOrder(ta);
ta = finder.getDimExpr();
tldx = finder.getDimExpr().getPosition();
}
}
}
/// Computes a topologically sorted iteration graph for the linalg
/// operation. Ensures all tensors are visited in natural index order. This
/// is essential for sparse storage formats since these only support access
/// along fixed dimensions. Even for dense storage formats, however, the
/// natural index order yields innermost unit-stride access with better
/// spatial locality.
static bool computeIterationGraph(CodegenEnv &env, unsigned mask,
OpOperand *skip = nullptr) {
// Set up an n x n from/to adjacency matrix of the iteration graph
// for the implicit loop indices i_0 .. i_n-1.
unsigned n = env.merger().getNumLoops();
std::vector<std::vector<bool>> adjM(n, std::vector<bool>(n, false));
std::vector<unsigned> inDegree(n, 0); // in-degree of each node.
auto iteratorTypes = env.op().getIteratorTypesArray();
// Iterate over the indexing maps of every tensor in the tensor expression.
for (OpOperand &t : env.op()->getOpOperands()) {
// Get map and encoding.
auto map = env.op().getMatchingIndexingMap(&t);
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(t.get().getType());
assert(map.getNumDims() + getNumCompoundAffineOnSparseDims(env.op()) == n);
// Skip dense tensor constraints when not requested.
if (!(mask & SortMask::kIncludeDense) && !enc)
continue;
// Each tensor expression and optional dimension ordering (row-major
// by default) puts an ordering constraint on the loop indices. For
// example, the tensor expresion A_ijk forces the ordering i < j < k
// on the loop indices if no explicit dimension ordering is given.
for (unsigned d = 0, rank = map.getNumResults(); d < rank; d++) {
AffineExpr ta = map.getResult(toOrigDim(enc, d));
Optional<unsigned> tldx =
env.merger().getLoopIdx(t.getOperandNumber(), d);
// Filter loops should be constructed after all the dependent loops,
// i.e., d0 + d1 < filter_loop(d0 + d1)
if (tldx && env.merger().isFilterLoop(*tldx)) {
assert(!ta.isa<AffineDimExpr>() &&
!isDenseDLT(getDimLevelType(enc, d)));
addAffineOrderings(adjM, inDegree, ta, AffineExpr(), std::nullopt,
tldx);
// Now that the ordering of affine expression is captured by filter
// loop idx, we only need to ensure the affine ordering against filter
// loop. Thus, we reset the affine express to nil here to mark it as
// resolved.
ta = AffineExpr();
}
// Skip tensor during cycle resolution, though order between filter loop
// and dependent loops need to be guaranteed unconditionally.
if (&t == skip)
continue;
if (d > 0) {
AffineExpr fa = map.getResult(toOrigDim(enc, d - 1));
Optional<unsigned> fldx =
env.merger().getLoopIdx(t.getOperandNumber(), d - 1);
// Applying order constraints on every pair of dimExpr between two
// compound affine expressions can sometime too strict:
// E.g, for [dense, dense] -> (d0 + d1, d2 + d3).
// It is totally fine to have loop sequence d0->d2->d1->d3 instead of
// requiring d0 < d2, d1 < d2, d0 < d3, d1 < d3.
if (!(mask & SortMask::kIncludeDense))
tryLoosenAffineDenseConstraints(env.op(), fldx, fa, tldx, ta);
// (d0 + d1) < (d2 + d3), or
// filter_loop_d-1 < (d2 + d3), or
// (d0 + d1) < filter_loop_d, or
// filter_loop_d-1 < filter_loop_d depending on whether fa/ta is reset
// above.
addAffineOrderings(adjM, inDegree, fa, ta, fldx, tldx);
}
}
// Push unrelated loops into sparse iteration space, so these
// will be skipped more often.
if (mask & SortMask::kIncludeUndef) {
unsigned tensor = t.getOperandNumber();
for (unsigned i = 0; i < n; i++)
if (isCompressedDLT(env.dlt(tensor, i)) ||
isSingletonDLT(env.dlt(tensor, i))) {
for (unsigned j = 0; j < n; j++)
if (isUndefDLT(env.dlt(tensor, j))) {
adjM[i][j] = true;
inDegree[j]++;
}
} else {
assert(isDenseDLT(env.dlt(tensor, i)) ||
isUndefDLT(env.dlt(tensor, i)));
}
}
}
// Topologically sort the iteration graph to determine loop order.
// Report failure for a cyclic iteration graph.
env.topSortClear(n);
return topSortOptimal(env, n, iteratorTypes, inDegree, adjM);
}
/// Returns true if tensor materializes uninitialized into the computation.
static bool isMaterializing(Value val) {
return val.getDefiningOp<tensor::EmptyOp>() ||
val.getDefiningOp<bufferization::AllocTensorOp>();
}
/// Returns true when the tensor expression is admissible for codegen.
/// Since all sparse input tensors are admissible, we just need to check
/// whether the out tensor in the tensor expression codegen is admissible.
/// Sets `sparseOut` to the tensor and `outerParNest` to the outer injective
/// nesting depth when a "truly dynamic" sparse tensor output occurs.
static bool isAdmissibleTensorExp(CodegenEnv &env, unsigned exp,
OpOperand **sparseOut,
unsigned *outerParNest) {
// We reject any expression that makes a reduction from `-outTensor`, as those
// expressions create a dependency between the current iteration (i) and the
// previous iteration (i-1). It would require iterating over the whole
// coordinate space, which prevent exploiting sparsity for faster code.
for (utils::IteratorType it : env.op().getIteratorTypesArray()) {
if (it == utils::IteratorType::reduction) {
if (env.merger().hasNegateOnOut(exp))
return false;
break;
}
}
OpOperand *lhs = env.op().getDpsInitOperand(0);
unsigned tensor = lhs->getOperandNumber();
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(lhs->get().getType());
// An non-annotated output tensor is assumed dense, and becomes a random
// access n-dim memref. Admissible since insertions cannot occur.
if (!enc)
return true;
// An all-dense annotated "sparse" output tensor becomes a linearized random
// access 1-dim memref. Also admissible since insertions cannot occur.
bool allDense = true;
unsigned numLoops =
env.merger().getNumLoops(); // numNativeLoops + numFilterLoops
for (unsigned i = 0; i < env.merger().getNumLoops(); i++)
if (isCompressedDLT(env.dlt(tensor, i)) ||
isSingletonDLT(env.dlt(tensor, i))) {
allDense = false;
break;
} else {
assert(isDenseDLT(env.dlt(tensor, i)) || isUndefDLT(env.dlt(tensor, i)));
}
if (allDense)
return true;
// TODO: support compound affine expression on sparse output.
if (getNumCompoundAffineOnSparseDims(env.op().getMatchingIndexingMap(lhs),
lhs->get()) != 0)
return false;
// A tensor expression with a sparse output tensor that changes its values
// but not its nonzero structure, an operation called "simply dynamic" in
// [Bik96,Ch9], is also admissible without special env.
if (env.merger().isSingleCondition(tensor, exp))
return true;
// Accept "truly dynamic" if the output tensor materializes uninitialized
// into the computation and insertions occur in lexicographic index order.
if (isMaterializing(lhs->get())) {
auto iteratorTypes = env.op().getIteratorTypesArray();
unsigned nest = 0;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < numLoops; i++) {
if (!env.merger().isFilterLoop(env.topSortAt(i))) {
// We only count non-filter loops as filter loops should be considered
// as a special type of parallel loops.
if (linalg::isReductionIterator(iteratorTypes[env.topSortAt(i)]))
break; // terminate at first reduction
nest++;
}
}
// Determine admissible dynamic insertion situations:
// (1) fully injective, since there are no reductions,
// (2) admissible 1-d expansion in innermost dimension.
if (nest >= env.op().getRank(lhs) - 1) {
*sparseOut = lhs;
*outerParNest = nest;
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Sparse compiler synthesis methods (statements and expressions).
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// Local bufferization of all dense and sparse data structures.
static void genBuffers(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
Location loc = op.getLoc();
assert(op.getNumOperands() == op.getNumDpsInputs() + 1);
env.emitter().initializeLoopEmit(
builder, loc,
/// Generates buffer for the output tensor.
/// Note that all sparse kernels assume that when all elements are written
/// to (viz. x(i) = y(i) * z(i)), the output buffer is already initialized
/// to all zeroes and only nonzeroes values are computed and written out.
/// For updates (viz. x(i) += y(i) * z(i)), only nonzeroes values are used
/// for the updates and no assumption on the original contents of the
/// output buffer is necessary.
[&op](OpBuilder &builder, Location loc, Value memref,
Value tensor) -> Value {
// Must not be a sparse tensor.
assert(!getSparseTensorEncoding(tensor.getType()));
// Two output tensor references should point to the same object.
OpOperand *lhs = op.getDpsInitOperand(0);
assert(lhs->get() == tensor);
// An output tensor can simply materialize from the buffer of the tensor
// that appears in the outs() clause. For updates, this has the
// advantage that only the nonzero value are involved in the
// computation, keeping the operation O(nnz). In all other cases, we are
// forced to zero out the buffer to enforce the assumption above, which
// may negatively impact running complexity (viz. O(n^2 + nnz) vs.
// O(nnz) for matrices).
// TODO: use better analysis to avoid zeroing out the buffer?
bool isInit = op.isInitTensor(lhs);
Value init = memref;
if (!isInit) {
Value zero = constantZero(builder, loc,
getElementTypeOrSelf(tensor.getType()));
builder.create<linalg::FillOp>(loc, ValueRange{zero},
ValueRange{init});
}
return init;
});
}
/// Generates index for load/store on sparse tensor.
static Value genIndex(CodegenEnv &env, OpOperand *t) {
auto map = env.op().getMatchingIndexingMap(t);
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(t->get().getType());
AffineExpr a = map.getResult(toOrigDim(enc, map.getNumResults() - 1));
assert(a.getKind() == AffineExprKind::DimId);
unsigned idx = a.cast<AffineDimExpr>().getPosition();
return env.getLoopIdxValue(idx);
}
/// Generates subscript for load/store on a dense or sparse tensor.
static Value genSubscript(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, OpOperand *t,
SmallVectorImpl<Value> &args) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
unsigned tensor = t->getOperandNumber();
auto map = op.getMatchingIndexingMap(t);
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(t->get().getType());
unsigned rank = map.getNumResults();
if (enc) {
Value pidx = env.emitter().getPidxs()[tensor].back();
assert(pidx);
args.push_back(pidx); // position index
} else {
for (unsigned d = 0; d < rank; d++) {
AffineExpr a = map.getResult(d);
args.push_back(env.emitter().genAffine(builder, a, op.getLoc()));
}
}
return env.emitter().getValBuffer()[tensor];
}
/// Generates insertion code to implement dynamic tensor load.
static Value genInsertionLoad(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder,
OpOperand *t) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
Location loc = op.getLoc();
// Direct lexicographic index order, tensor loads as zero.
if (!env.isExpand()) {
Type tp = getElementTypeOrSelf(t->get().getType());
return constantZero(builder, loc, tp);
}
// Load from expanded access pattern.
Value index = genIndex(env, t);
return builder.create<memref::LoadOp>(loc, env.getExpandValues(), index);
}
/// Generates insertion code to implement dynamic tensor load for reduction.
static Value genInsertionLoadReduce(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder,
OpOperand *t) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
Location loc = op.getLoc();
Value identity = env.getCustomRedId();
// Direct lexicographic index order, tensor loads as identity.
if (!env.isExpand())
return identity;
// Load from expanded access pattern if filled, identity otherwise.
Value values = env.getExpandValues();
Value filled = env.getExpandFilled();
Value index = genIndex(env, t);
Value isFilled = builder.create<memref::LoadOp>(loc, filled, index);
Value valAtIndex = builder.create<memref::LoadOp>(loc, values, index);
return builder.create<arith::SelectOp>(loc, isFilled, valAtIndex, identity);
}
/// Generates insertion code to implement dynamic tensor store.
static void genInsertionStore(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, OpOperand *t,
Value rhs) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
Location loc = op.getLoc();
// Direct insertion in lexicographic index order.
if (!env.isExpand()) {
unsigned rank = op.getRank(t);
SmallVector<Value> indices;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
assert(env.emitter().getLoopIV(i));
indices.push_back(env.emitter().getLoopIV(i));
}
Value chain = env.getInsertionChain();
env.updateInsertionChain(
builder.create<InsertOp>(loc, rhs, chain, indices));
return;
}
// Generates insertion code along expanded access pattern.
// if (!expFilled[i]) then
// expFilled[i] = true
// expAdded[inserts++] = i
// endif
// values[i] = rhs
Value values = env.getExpandValues();
Value filled = env.getExpandFilled();
Value added = env.getExpandAdded();
Value count = env.getExpandCount();
Value index = genIndex(env, t);
Value fval = constantI1(builder, loc, false);
Value tval = constantI1(builder, loc, true);
// If statement.
Value isFilled = builder.create<memref::LoadOp>(loc, filled, index);
Value cond = builder.create<arith::CmpIOp>(loc, arith::CmpIPredicate::eq,
isFilled, fval);
scf::IfOp ifOp = builder.create<scf::IfOp>(loc, builder.getIndexType(), cond,
/*else=*/true);
// True branch.
builder.setInsertionPointToStart(&ifOp.getThenRegion().front());
builder.create<memref::StoreOp>(loc, tval, filled, index);
builder.create<memref::StoreOp>(loc, index, added, count);
Value one = constantIndex(builder, loc, 1);
Value add = builder.create<arith::AddIOp>(loc, count, one);
builder.create<scf::YieldOp>(loc, add);
// False branch.
builder.setInsertionPointToStart(&ifOp.getElseRegion().front());
builder.create<scf::YieldOp>(loc, count);
builder.setInsertionPointAfter(ifOp);
// Value assignment.
env.updateExpandCount(ifOp.getResult(0));
builder.create<memref::StoreOp>(loc, rhs, values, index);
}
/// Generates a load on a dense or sparse tensor.
static Value genTensorLoad(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned exp) {
// Test if the load was hoisted to a higher loop nest.
Value val = env.exp(exp).val;
if (val)
return val;
// Load during insertion.
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
OpOperand *t = &op->getOpOperand(env.exp(exp).tensor);
if (env.isSparseOutput(t)) {
if (env.isCustomReduc())
return genInsertionLoadReduce(env, builder, t);
return genInsertionLoad(env, builder, t);
}
// Actual load.
SmallVector<Value> args;
Value ptr = genSubscript(env, builder, t, args);
return builder.create<memref::LoadOp>(op.getLoc(), ptr, args);
}
/// Generates a store on a dense or sparse tensor.
static void genTensorStore(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned exp,
Value rhs) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
Location loc = op.getLoc();
// Test if this is a scalarized reduction.
if (env.isReduc()) {
env.updateReduc(rhs);
return;
}
// Store during insertion.
OpOperand *t = op.getDpsInitOperand(0);
if (env.isSparseOutput(t)) {
if (!rhs) {
// Only unary and binary are allowed to return uninitialized rhs
// to indicate missing output.
assert(env.exp(exp).kind == kUnary || env.exp(exp).kind == kBinary);
} else if (env.exp(exp).kind == kSelect) {
// Select operation insertion.
Value chain = env.getInsertionChain();
scf::IfOp ifOp =
builder.create<scf::IfOp>(loc, chain.getType(), rhs, /*else=*/true);
builder.setInsertionPointToStart(&ifOp.getThenRegion().front());
// Existing value was preserved to be used here.
assert(env.exp(exp).val);
Value v0 = env.exp(exp).val;
genInsertionStore(env, builder, t, v0);
env.exp(exp).val = Value();
// Yield modified insertion chain along true branch.
Value mchain = env.getInsertionChain();
builder.create<scf::YieldOp>(op.getLoc(), mchain);
// Yield original insertion chain along false branch.
builder.setInsertionPointToStart(&ifOp.getElseRegion().front());
builder.create<scf::YieldOp>(loc, chain);
// Done with if statement.
env.updateInsertionChain(ifOp->getResult(0));
builder.setInsertionPointAfter(ifOp);
} else {
genInsertionStore(env, builder, t, rhs);
}
return;
}
// Actual store.
SmallVector<Value> args;
Value ptr = genSubscript(env, builder, t, args);
builder.create<memref::StoreOp>(loc, rhs, ptr, args);
}
/// Generates an invariant value.
inline static Value genInvariantValue(CodegenEnv &env, unsigned exp) {
return env.exp(exp).val;
}
/// Generates an index value.
inline static Value genIndexValue(CodegenEnv &env, unsigned idx) {
return env.getLoopIdxValue(idx);
}
/// Semi-ring branches are simply inlined by the sparse compiler. Prior
/// analysis has verified that all computations are "local" to the inlined
/// branch or otherwise invariantly defined outside the loop nest, with the
/// exception of index computations, which need to be relinked to actual
/// inlined cloned code.
static Value relinkBranch(CodegenEnv &env, RewriterBase &rewriter, Block *block,
Value e, unsigned ldx) {
if (Operation *def = e.getDefiningOp()) {
if (auto indexOp = dyn_cast<linalg::IndexOp>(def))
return genIndexValue(env, indexOp.getDim());
if (def->getBlock() == block) {
for (unsigned i = 0, n = def->getNumOperands(); i < n; i++)
def->setOperand(
i, relinkBranch(env, rewriter, block, def->getOperand(i), ldx));
}
}
return e;
}
/// Recursively generates tensor expression.
static Value genExp(CodegenEnv &env, RewriterBase &rewriter, unsigned exp,
unsigned ldx) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
Location loc = op.getLoc();
if (exp == -1u)
return Value();
if (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kTensor)
return genTensorLoad(env, rewriter, exp);
if (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kInvariant)
return genInvariantValue(env, exp);
if (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kIndex)
return genIndexValue(env, env.exp(exp).index);
if (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kReduce)
env.startCustomReduc(exp); // enter custom
Value v0 = genExp(env, rewriter, env.exp(exp).children.e0, ldx);
Value v1 = genExp(env, rewriter, env.exp(exp).children.e1, ldx);
Value ee = env.merger().buildExp(rewriter, loc, exp, v0, v1);
if (ee && (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kUnary ||
env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kBinary ||
env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kBinaryBranch ||
env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kReduce ||
env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kSelect))
ee = relinkBranch(env, rewriter, ee.getParentBlock(), ee, ldx);
if (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kReduce)
env.endCustomReduc(); // exit custom
if (env.exp(exp).kind == kSelect) {
assert(!env.exp(exp).val);
env.exp(exp).val = v0; // Preserve value for later use.
}
return ee;
}
/// Hoists loop invariant tensor loads for which indices have been exhausted.
static void genInvariants(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned exp,
unsigned ldx, bool atStart) {
if (exp == -1u)
return;
if (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kTensor) {
// Inspect tensor indices.
bool atLevel = ldx == -1u;
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
OpOperand &t = op->getOpOperand(env.exp(exp).tensor);
auto map = op.getMatchingIndexingMap(&t);
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(t.get().getType());
for (unsigned d = 0, rank = map.getNumResults(); d < rank; d++) {
AffineExpr a = map.getResult(toOrigDim(enc, d));
Optional<unsigned> sldx =
env.merger().getLoopIdx(t.getOperandNumber(), d);
if (sldx && env.merger().isFilterLoop(*sldx)) {
if (!env.getLoopIdxValue(*sldx))
// The filter loops has not been constructed.
return;
if (*sldx == ldx)
atLevel = true;
} else if (!isInvariantAffine(env, a, ldx, atLevel))
return; // still in play
}
// All exhausted at this level (atLevel denotes exactly at this level).
if (!atLevel)
return;
OpOperand *lhs = op.getDpsInitOperand(0);
if (lhs == &t) {
// Start or end a scalarized reduction
if (atStart) {
Value load = env.isCustomReduc() ? env.getCustomRedId()
: genTensorLoad(env, builder, exp);
env.startReduc(exp, load);
} else {
genTensorStore(env, builder, exp, env.endReduc());
}
} else {
// Start or end loop invariant hoisting of a tensor load.
env.exp(exp).val = atStart ? genTensorLoad(env, builder, exp) : Value();
}
} else if (env.exp(exp).kind != Kind::kInvariant &&
env.exp(exp).kind != Kind::kIndex) {
// Traverse into the binary operations. Note that we only hoist
// tensor loads, since subsequent MLIR/LLVM passes know how to
// deal with all other kinds of derived loop invariants.
if (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kReduce)
env.startCustomReduc(exp); // enter custom
unsigned e0 = env.exp(exp).children.e0;
unsigned e1 = env.exp(exp).children.e1;
genInvariants(env, builder, e0, ldx, atStart);
genInvariants(env, builder, e1, ldx, atStart);
if (env.exp(exp).kind == Kind::kReduce)
env.endCustomReduc(); // exit custom
}
}
/// Generates an expanded access pattern in innermost dimension.
static void genExpand(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned at,
bool atStart) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
OpOperand *lhs = op.getDpsInitOperand(0);
if (!env.atExpandLevel(lhs, op.getRank(lhs), at))
return; // not needed at this level
assert(!env.isReduc());
// Generate start or end of an expanded access pattern. Note that because
// an expension does not rely on the ongoing contents of the sparse storage
// scheme, we can use the original tensor as incoming SSA value (which
// simplifies codegen a bit). If expansion on the actual contents is ever
// needed, we will need to use the SSA value in the insertion chain instead.
Value tensor = lhs->get();
Location loc = op.getLoc();
if (atStart) {
auto dynShape = {ShapedType::kDynamic};
Type etp = tensor.getType().cast<ShapedType>().getElementType();
Type t1 = MemRefType::get(dynShape, etp);
Type t2 = MemRefType::get(dynShape, builder.getI1Type());
Type t3 = MemRefType::get(dynShape, builder.getIndexType());
Type t4 = builder.getIndexType();
auto r = builder.create<ExpandOp>(loc, TypeRange({t1, t2, t3, t4}), tensor);
assert(r.getNumResults() == 4);
env.startExpand(r.getResult(0), r.getResult(1), r.getResult(2),
r.getResult(3));
} else {
SmallVector<Value> indices;
for (unsigned i = 0; i < at; i++)
indices.push_back(env.emitter().getLoopIV(i));
Value values = env.getExpandValues();
Value filled = env.getExpandFilled();
Value added = env.getExpandAdded();
Value count = env.getExpandCount();
Value chain = env.getInsertionChain();
Value compress = builder.create<CompressOp>(loc, values, filled, added,
count, chain, indices);
env.updateInsertionChain(compress);
env.endExpand();
}
}
/// Returns parallelization strategy. Any implicit loop in the Linalg
/// operation that is marked "parallel" is a candidate. Whether it is actually
/// converted to a parallel operation depends on the requested strategy.
static bool isParallelFor(CodegenEnv &env, bool isOuter, bool isSparse) {
// Reject parallelization of sparse output.
if (env.hasSparseOutput())
return false;
// Parallel loops on tensor expansion can cause data races.
if (env.isExpand())
return false;
// Inspect strategy.
switch (env.options().parallelizationStrategy) {
case SparseParallelizationStrategy::kNone:
return false;
case SparseParallelizationStrategy::kDenseOuterLoop:
return isOuter && !isSparse;
case SparseParallelizationStrategy::kAnyStorageOuterLoop:
return isOuter;
case SparseParallelizationStrategy::kDenseAnyLoop:
return !isSparse;
case SparseParallelizationStrategy::kAnyStorageAnyLoop:
return true;
}
llvm_unreachable("unexpected parallelization strategy");
}
/// Generates a for-loop on a single index.
static Operation *genFor(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, bool isOuter,
bool isInner, unsigned idx, ArrayRef<size_t> tids,
ArrayRef<size_t> dims) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
Location loc = op.getLoc();
auto iteratorTypes = op.getIteratorTypesArray();
bool isSparse = llvm::any_of(tids, [idx, &env](size_t tid) {
return isCompressedDLT(env.dlt(tid, idx)) ||
isSingletonDLT(env.dlt(tid, idx));
});
bool isParallel = isParallelFor(env, isOuter, isSparse);
Operation *loop = *env.genLoopBoundary([&](MutableArrayRef<Value> reduc) {
if (env.merger().isFilterLoop(idx)) {
size_t tid = tids.front(), dim = dims.front();
// tids/dims must only have one value because filter loops only
// corresponding to the one and only sparse tensor level.
assert(isSparse && tids.size() == 1 && dims.size() == 1);
OpOperand *t = &op->getOpOperand(tid);
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(t->get().getType());
// Retrieves the affine expression for the filter loop.
AffineExpr a =
op.getMatchingIndexingMap(t).getResult(toOrigDim(enc, dim));
return env.emitter().enterFilterLoopOverTensorAtDim(builder, loc, tid,
dim, a, reduc);
}
return env.emitter().enterLoopOverTensorAtDim(builder, loc, tids, dims,
reduc, isParallel);
});
assert(loop);
return loop;
}
/// Emit a while-loop for co-iteration over multiple indices.
static Operation *genWhile(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned idx,
bool needsUniv, ArrayRef<size_t> tids,
ArrayRef<size_t> dims) {
Operation *loop = *env.genLoopBoundary([&](MutableArrayRef<Value> reduc) {
// Construct the while-loop with a parameter for each
// index.
return env.emitter().enterCoIterationOverTensorsAtDims(
builder, env.op().getLoc(), tids, dims, needsUniv, reduc);
});
assert(loop);
return loop;
}
/// Generates a for-loop or a while-loop, depending on whether it implements
/// singleton iteration or co-iteration over the given conjunction.
static Operation *genLoop(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned at,
bool needsUniv, ArrayRef<size_t> tids,
ArrayRef<size_t> dims, bool isFor) {
assert(tids.size() == dims.size());
unsigned idx = env.topSortAt(at);
if (isFor) {
bool isOuter = at == 0;
bool isInner = at == env.topSortSize() - 1;
return genFor(env, builder, isOuter, isInner, idx, tids, dims);
}
return genWhile(env, builder, idx, needsUniv, tids, dims);
}
/// Generates the induction structure for a while-loop.
static void finalizeWhileOp(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned idx,
bool needsUniv, BitVector &induction,
scf::WhileOp whileOp) {
Location loc = env.op().getLoc();
// Finalize each else branch of all if statements.
if (env.isReduc() || env.isExpand() || env.getInsertionChain()) {
while (auto ifOp = dyn_cast_or_null<scf::IfOp>(
builder.getInsertionBlock()->getParentOp())) {
unsigned y = 0;
SmallVector<Value> yields;
if (env.isReduc()) {
yields.push_back(env.getReduc());
env.updateReduc(ifOp.getResult(y++));
}
if (env.isExpand()) {
yields.push_back(env.getExpandCount());
env.updateExpandCount(ifOp->getResult(y++));
}
if (env.getInsertionChain()) {
yields.push_back(env.getInsertionChain());
env.updateInsertionChain(ifOp->getResult(y++));
}
assert(y == yields.size());
builder.create<scf::YieldOp>(loc, yields);
builder.setInsertionPointAfter(ifOp);
}
}
builder.setInsertionPointToEnd(&whileOp.getAfter().front());
}
/// Generates a single if-statement within a while-loop.
static scf::IfOp genIf(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned idx,
BitVector &conditions) {
Location loc = env.op().getLoc();
SmallVector<Type> types;
Value cond;
for (unsigned b = 0, be = conditions.size(); b < be; b++) {
if (!conditions[b])
continue;
unsigned tensor = env.merger().tensor(b);
assert(idx == env.merger().index(b));
Value clause;
if (isCompressedDLT(env.dlt(b)) || isSingletonDLT(env.dlt(b))) {
auto dim = *env.merger().getDimNum(tensor, idx);
Value op1 = env.emitter().getCoord()[tensor][dim];
Value op2 = env.getLoopIdxValue(idx);
clause = builder.create<arith::CmpIOp>(loc, arith::CmpIPredicate::eq, op1,
op2);
} else {
assert(isDenseDLT(env.merger().getDimLevelType(b)) ||
isUndefDLT(env.merger().getDimLevelType(b)));
clause = constantI1(builder, loc, true);
}
cond = cond ? builder.create<arith::AndIOp>(loc, cond, clause) : clause;
}
if (env.isReduc())
types.push_back(env.getReduc().getType());
if (env.isExpand())
types.push_back(builder.getIndexType());
if (env.getInsertionChain())
types.push_back(env.getInsertionChain().getType());
scf::IfOp ifOp = builder.create<scf::IfOp>(loc, types, cond, /*else=*/true);
builder.setInsertionPointToStart(&ifOp.getThenRegion().front());
return ifOp;
}
/// Generates end of true branch of if-statement within a while-loop.
static void endIf(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, scf::IfOp ifOp,
Operation *loop, Value redInput, Value cntInput,
Value insInput) {
SmallVector<Value> operands;
if (env.isReduc()) {
operands.push_back(env.getReduc());
env.updateReduc(redInput);
}
if (env.isExpand()) {
operands.push_back(env.getExpandCount());
env.updateExpandCount(cntInput);
}
if (env.getInsertionChain()) {
operands.push_back(env.getInsertionChain());
env.updateInsertionChain(insInput);
}
if (!operands.empty())
builder.create<scf::YieldOp>(env.op().getLoc(), operands);
builder.setInsertionPointToStart(&ifOp.getElseRegion().front());
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Sparse compiler synthesis methods (loop sequence).
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
/// Starts a loop sequence at given level. Returns true if
/// the universal loop index must be maintained at this level.
static bool startLoopSeq(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned exp,
unsigned at, unsigned idx, unsigned ldx,
unsigned lts) {
assert(!env.getLoopIdxValue(idx));
// Emit invariants at this loop sequence level.
genInvariants(env, builder, exp, ldx, /*atStart=*/true);
// Emit access pattern expansion for sparse tensor output.
genExpand(env, builder, at, /*atStart=*/true);
// Emit further intitialization at this loop sequence level.
unsigned l0 = env.set(lts)[0];
bool needsUniv = false;
SmallVector<size_t> tids;
SmallVector<size_t> dims;
env.merger().foreachTidDimPairInBits(
env.lat(l0).bits,
[&](unsigned b, unsigned tid, Optional<unsigned> dim, DimLevelType dlt) {
assert(env.merger().index(b) == idx);
if (isDenseDLT(dlt) || isUndefDLT(dlt)) {
needsUniv = true;
} else {
// sparse/singleton dim levels.
tids.push_back(tid);
dims.push_back(*dim);
}
});
env.emitter().enterNewLoopSeq(builder, env.op().getLoc(), tids, dims);
// Maintain the universal index only if it is actually
// consumed by a subsequent lattice point.
if (needsUniv) {
unsigned lsize = env.set(lts).size();
for (unsigned i = 1; i < lsize; i++) {
unsigned li = env.set(lts)[i];
if (!env.merger().hasAnySparse(env.lat(li).simple))
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
static void genConstantDenseAddressFromLevel(CodegenEnv &env,
OpBuilder &builder, unsigned tid,
unsigned lvl) {
// TODO: Handle affine expression on output tensor.
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
assert(tid < op.getNumDpsInputs());
OpOperand *input = op.getDpsInputOperands()[tid];
ArrayRef<AffineExpr> affines = op.getMatchingIndexingMap(input).getResults();
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(input->get().getType());
if (enc) {
for (unsigned i = lvl, e = affines.size(); i < e; i++) {
AffineExpr affine = affines[toOrigDim(enc, i)];
if (isDenseDLT(getDimLevelType(enc, i)) &&
affine.isa<AffineConstantExpr>())
env.emitter().genDenseAffineAddressAtCurLevel(
builder, op.getLoc(), input->getOperandNumber(), i, affine);
else
return; // break on first non-dense non-constant level
}
}
}
static void genInitConstantDenseAddress(CodegenEnv &env,
RewriterBase &rewriter) {
// We can generate address for constant affine expression before any loops
// starting from the first level as they do not depend on any thing.
// E.g., [Dense, Dense, Sparse] -> (1, 2, d0), the addresses for the first two
// levels can be determined before loops.
for (unsigned tid = 0, e = env.op().getNumDpsInputs(); tid < e; tid++)
genConstantDenseAddressFromLevel(env, rewriter, tid, 0);
}
/// Return true if the lattices bit can be iterated by a for loop.
static bool translateBitsToTidDimPairs(
CodegenEnv &env, unsigned li, unsigned idx, SmallVectorImpl<size_t> &tids,
SmallVectorImpl<size_t> &dims, SmallVectorImpl<size_t> &affineTids,
SmallVectorImpl<size_t> &affineDims, SmallVectorImpl<AffineExpr> &exps) {
const BitVector &all = env.lat(li).bits;
const BitVector &simple = env.lat(li).simple;
unsigned numloopCond = 0;
// Converts bits to array + dim pair
env.merger().foreachTidDimPairInBits(all, [&, idx](unsigned b, unsigned tid,
Optional<unsigned> dim,
DimLevelType dlt) {
if (simple.test(b)) {
if (isUndefDLT(dlt)) {
// An undefined dlt in the lattices, we probably mean to iterate based
// on the dim of output tensor.
// E.g., this could be a synthetic tensor (for invariants and sparse
// output tensor).
// out[i][j] = invariant; or a broadcast
// out[i][j] = in[i] (j is undef for input)
tid = env.merger().getOutTensorID();
dim = env.merger().getDimNum(tid, idx);
// Skips invalid dim (e.g., when this is a zero ranked tensor).
if (!dim)
return;
}
tids.push_back(tid);
dims.push_back(*dim);
numloopCond++;
} else if (isDenseDLT(dlt)) {
tids.push_back(tid);
dims.push_back(*dim);
} else {
assert(isUndefDLT(dlt));
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
if (tid >= op.getNumDpsInputs())
// We only handle affine expression on input tensors (for now).
return;
OpOperand *operand = &op->getOpOperand(tid);
auto enc = getSparseTensorEncoding(operand->get().getType());
// Non-annotated dense tensors requires no special handling.
if (!enc)
return;
ArrayRef<AffineExpr> affines =
op.getMatchingIndexingMap(operand).getResults();
assert(affines.size() == enc.getDimLevelType().size());
for (unsigned i = 0, e = affines.size(); i < e; i++) {
AffineExpr exp = affines[toOrigDim(enc, i)];
// Skip simple affine expression and non dense dimensions (which has
// it own filter loop).
if (exp.isa<AffineDimExpr>() || !isDenseDLT(getDimLevelType(enc, i)))
continue;
// Constant affine expression are handled in genLoop
if (!exp.isa<AffineConstantExpr>()) {
bool atLevel = false;
if (isInvariantAffine(env, exp, idx, atLevel) && atLevel) {
// If the compound affine is invariant and we are right at the
// level. We need to generate the address according to the affine
// expression. This is also the best place we can do it to avoid
// putting it inside inner loops.
// NOTE: It assumes that the levels of the input tensor are
// initialized in order (and it is also currently guaranteed by
// computeIterationGraph), another more admissible approach might be
// accepting out-of-order access between consecutive dense levels.
affineTids.push_back(tid);
affineDims.push_back(i);
exps.push_back(exp);
}
}
}
}
});
if (isDenseDLT(env.dlt(env.merger().getOutTensorID(), idx))) {
// Note that we generate dense indices of the output tensor
// unconditionally, since they may not appear in the lattice, but may be
// needed for linearized env.
auto dim = *env.merger().getDimNum(env.merger().getOutTensorID(), idx);
tids.push_back(env.merger().getOutTensorID());
dims.push_back(dim);
}
assert(numloopCond > 0);
// If we just need to one loop conditions, the loop can be generated by a for
// loop.
return numloopCond == 1;
}
/// Starts a single loop in current sequence.
static Operation *startLoop(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned at,
unsigned li, bool needsUniv) {
// The set of tensors + dims to generate loops on
SmallVector<size_t> tids, dims;
// The set of dense tensors with non-trivial affine expression that just
// becomes invariant and the address shall now be generated at the current
// level.
SmallVector<size_t> affineTids, affineDims;
SmallVector<AffineExpr> affines;
bool isFor = translateBitsToTidDimPairs(
env, li, env.topSortAt(at), tids, dims, affineTids, affineDims, affines);
// Emit the for/while-loop control.
Operation *loop = genLoop(env, builder, at, needsUniv, tids, dims, isFor);
for (auto [tid, dim, exp] : llvm::zip(affineTids, affineDims, affines)) {
env.emitter().genDenseAffineAddressAtCurLevel(builder, env.op().getLoc(),
tid, dim, exp);
}
// Until now, we have entered every <tid, dim> pair in {cond, extra,
// affine}Tids/Dims. The addresses of the upcoming levels which are dependent
// on constant affines expression may now be determined.
auto allTids = llvm::concat<size_t>(tids, affineTids);
auto allDims = llvm::concat<size_t>(dims, affineDims);
for (auto [tid, dim] : llvm::zip(allTids, allDims)) {
if (tid != env.merger().getOutTensorID())
genConstantDenseAddressFromLevel(env, builder, tid, dim + 1);
}
return loop;
}
/// Ends a single loop in current sequence. Returns new values for needsUniv.
static bool endLoop(CodegenEnv &env, RewriterBase &rewriter, Operation *loop,
unsigned idx, unsigned li, bool needsUniv) {
// End a while-loop.
if (auto whileOp = dyn_cast<scf::WhileOp>(loop)) {
finalizeWhileOp(env, rewriter, idx, needsUniv, env.lat(li).bits, whileOp);
} else {
needsUniv = false;
}
env.genLoopBoundary([&](MutableArrayRef<Value> reduc) {
env.emitter().exitCurrentLoop(rewriter, env.op().getLoc(), reduc);
return std::nullopt;
});
return needsUniv;
}
/// Ends a loop sequence at given level.
static void endLoopSeq(CodegenEnv &env, OpBuilder &builder, unsigned exp,
unsigned at, unsigned idx, unsigned ldx) {
assert(env.getLoopIdxValue(idx) == nullptr);
env.emitter().exitCurrentLoopSeq();
// Unmark bookkeeping of invariants and loop index.
genInvariants(env, builder, exp, ldx, /*atStart=*/false);
// Finalize access pattern expansion for sparse tensor output.
genExpand(env, builder, at, /*atStart=*/false);
}
/// Recursively generates code while computing iteration lattices in order
/// to manage the complexity of implementing co-iteration over unions
/// and intersections of sparse iterations spaces.
static void genStmt(CodegenEnv &env, RewriterBase &rewriter, unsigned exp,
unsigned at) {
// At each leaf, assign remaining tensor (sub)expression to output tensor.
if (at == env.topSortSize()) {
unsigned ldx = env.topSortAt(at - 1);
Value rhs = genExp(env, rewriter, exp, ldx);
genTensorStore(env, rewriter, exp, rhs);
return;
}
// Construct iteration lattices for current loop index, with L0 at top.
unsigned idx = env.topSortAt(at);
unsigned ldx = at == 0 ? -1u : env.topSortAt(at - 1);
unsigned lts = env.merger().optimizeSet(env.merger().buildLattices(exp, idx));
// TODO: sort
// TODO: dedup
// Start a loop sequence.
bool needsUniv = startLoopSeq(env, rewriter, exp, at, idx, ldx, lts);
// Emit a loop for every lattice point L0 >= Li in this loop sequence.
unsigned lsize = env.set(lts).size();
for (unsigned i = 0; i < lsize; i++) {
// Start a loop.
unsigned li = env.set(lts)[i];
Operation *loop = startLoop(env, rewriter, at, li, needsUniv);
// Visit all lattices points with Li >= Lj to generate the
// loop-body, possibly with if statements for coiteration.
Value redInput = env.getReduc();
Value cntInput = env.getExpandCount();
Value insInput = env.getInsertionChain();
bool isWhile = dyn_cast<scf::WhileOp>(loop) != nullptr;
for (unsigned j = 0; j < lsize; j++) {
unsigned lj = env.set(lts)[j];
unsigned ej = env.lat(lj).exp;
if (li == lj || env.merger().latGT(li, lj)) {
// Recurse into body of each branch.
if (isWhile) {
scf::IfOp ifOp = genIf(env, rewriter, idx, env.lat(lj).simple);
genStmt(env, rewriter, ej, at + 1);
endIf(env, rewriter, ifOp, loop, redInput, cntInput, insInput);
} else {
genStmt(env, rewriter, ej, at + 1);
}
}
}
// End a loop.
needsUniv = endLoop(env, rewriter, loop, idx, li, needsUniv);
}
// End a loop sequence.
endLoopSeq(env, rewriter, exp, at, idx, ldx);
}
/// Converts the result computed by the sparse kernel into the required form.
static void genResult(CodegenEnv &env, RewriterBase &rewriter) {
linalg::GenericOp op = env.op();
OpOperand *lhs = op.getDpsInitOperand(0);
Value tensor = lhs->get();
Type resType = tensor.getType();
if (getSparseTensorEncoding(resType)) {
// The sparse tensor rematerializes from the original sparse tensor's
// underlying sparse storage format. For an insertion chain, the
// tensor materializes from the chain with 'hasInserts' enabled.
bool hasInserts = false;
if (Value chain = env.getInsertionChain()) {
hasInserts = true;
tensor = chain;
}
rewriter.replaceOpWithNewOp<LoadOp>(op, resType, tensor, hasInserts);
} else {
// To rematerialize an non-annotated tensor, simply load it
// from the bufferized value.
Value val = env.emitter().getValBuffer().back(); // value array
rewriter.replaceOpWithNewOp<bufferization::ToTensorOp>(op, resType, val);
}
}
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
// Sparse compiler rewriting methods.
//===----------------------------------------------------------------------===//
namespace {
/// Sparse rewriting rule for generic Lingalg operation.
struct GenericOpSparsifier : public OpRewritePattern<linalg::GenericOp> {
public:
GenericOpSparsifier(MLIRContext *context, SparsificationOptions o)
: OpRewritePattern<linalg::GenericOp>(context), options(o) {}
LogicalResult matchAndRewrite(linalg::GenericOp op,
PatternRewriter &rewriter) const override {
// Only accept single output operations.
if (op.getNumDpsInits() != 1)
return failure();
// Sets up a code generation environment.
unsigned numTensors = op->getNumOperands();
unsigned numLoops = op.getNumLoops();
unsigned numFilterLoops = getNumCompoundAffineOnSparseDims(op);
CodegenEnv env(op, options, numTensors, numLoops, numFilterLoops);
// Detects sparse annotations and translates the per-dimension sparsity
// information for all tensors to loop indices in the kernel.
if (!findSparseAnnotations(env))
return failure();
// Builds the tensor expression for the Linalg operation in SSA form.
Optional<unsigned> optExp = env.merger().buildTensorExpFromLinalg(op);
if (!optExp)
return failure();
unsigned exp = *optExp;
// Computes a topologically sorted iteration graph to ensure tensors
// are visited in natural index order. Gradually relaxes the considered
// constraints until an acyclic iteration graph results, such that sparse
// code generation can proceed. As a last resort, an attempt is made
// to resolve cycles by inserting a conversion.
bool isAdmissible = false;
bool hasCycle = true;
OpOperand *sparseOut = nullptr;
unsigned outerParNest = -1u;
// An const list of all masks that we used for interation graph
// computation. Must be ordered from more strict to less strict.
const auto allMask = {SortMask::kIncludeAll, SortMask::kIncludeUndef,
SortMask::kIncludeDense, SortMask::kSparseOnly};
for (auto mask : allMask)
if (computeIterationGraph(env, mask)) {
hasCycle = false;
if (isAdmissibleTensorExp(env, exp, &sparseOut, &outerParNest)) {
isAdmissible = true;
break;
}
// else try a set of less strict constraints.
}
if (hasCycle)
return resolveCycle(env, rewriter); // one last shot
if (!isAdmissible)
return failure(); // inadmissible expression, reject
// Recursively generates code if admissible.
env.startEmit(sparseOut, outerParNest);
genBuffers(env, rewriter);
genInitConstantDenseAddress(env, rewriter);
genStmt(env, rewriter, exp, 0);
genResult(env, rewriter);
return success();
}
private:
// Last resort cycle resolution.
LogicalResult resolveCycle(CodegenEnv &env, PatternRewriter &rewriter) const {
// Compute topological sort while leaving out every
// sparse input tensor in succession until an acylic
// iteration graph results.
for (OpOperand *t : env.op().getDpsInputOperands()) {
unsigned tensor = t->getOperandNumber();
Value tval = t->get();
auto srcEnc = getSparseTensorEncoding(tval.getType());
if (!srcEnc || !computeIterationGraph(env, SortMask::kSparseOnly, t))
continue;
// Found an input tensor that resolves the cycle by inserting a
// conversion into a sparse tensor that adheres to the iteration
// graph order. Also releases the temporary sparse tensor.
//
// TODO: investigate fusing the conversion with computation,
// especially if it is a direct yield!
//
auto srcTp = tval.getType().cast<RankedTensorType>();
auto dstEnc = SparseTensorEncodingAttr::get(
getContext(), srcEnc.getDimLevelType(),
permute(env, env.op().getMatchingIndexingMap(t)), // new order
srcEnc.getHigherOrdering(), srcEnc.getPointerBitWidth(),
srcEnc.getIndexBitWidth());
auto dstTp = RankedTensorType::get(srcTp.getShape(),
srcTp.getElementType(), dstEnc);
auto convert = rewriter.create<ConvertOp>(tval.getLoc(), dstTp, tval);
env.op()->setOperand(tensor, convert);
rewriter.setInsertionPointAfter(env.op());
rewriter.create<bufferization::DeallocTensorOp>(tval.getLoc(), convert);
return success();
}
// Cannot be resolved with a single conversion.
// TODO: convert more than one?
return failure();
}
/// Options to control sparse code generation.
SparsificationOptions options;
};
} // namespace
/// Populates the given patterns list with rewriting rules required for
/// the sparsification of linear algebra operations.
void mlir::populateSparsificationPatterns(
RewritePatternSet &patterns, const SparsificationOptions &options) {
patterns.add<GenericOpSparsifier>(patterns.getContext(), options);
}